Bimwe mubiranga rebero

1. Kugaragaza reberi nka elastique

Rubber itandukanye ningufu za elastike zigaragazwa na coefficient ya elastique ndende (Modulus yumusore).Yerekeza ku cyo bita "rubber elastique" ishobora kugarurwa no ku magana kwijana rya deformasiyo ishingiye kuri elastique ya entropiya iterwa no kwikuramo no kongera gufunga molekile.

2. Kugaragaza viscoelasticitike ya reberi

Dukurikije amategeko ya Hooke, umubiri witwa viscoelastic umubiri ufite imitungo hagati yumubiri wa elastique n'amazi yuzuye.Ni ukuvuga, kubikorwa nko guhindura ibintu biterwa nimbaraga zo hanze, biganjemo ibihe nubushyuhe, kandi bikerekana ibintu byo kunyerera no kuruhuka.Mugihe cyo kunyeganyega, hari itandukaniro ryicyiciro mukibazo no guhinduka, nabyo byerekana igihombo cya hystereze.Gutakaza ingufu bigaragarira muburyo bwo kubyara ubushyuhe ukurikije ubunini bwabwo.Byongeye kandi, mubihe bigenda neza, kwishingikiriza kumwanya birashobora kugaragara, bikurikizwa mugihe cyo guhindura ubushyuhe bwigihe.

3. Ifite imikorere ya anti vibration na buffering

Imikoranire hagati yubworoherane, ubworoherane, hamwe na viscoelasticitike ya reberi yerekana ubushobozi bwayo bwo kugabanya amajwi no kunyeganyega.Ikoreshwa rero mu ngamba zo kugabanya urusaku n’umwanda.

4. Hariho gushingira cyane kubushyuhe

Ntabwo ari reberi gusa, ahubwo nibintu byinshi bifatika byibikoresho bya polymer bikunze kwibasirwa nubushyuhe, kandi reberi ifite imyumvire ikomeye kuri viscoelasticitike, nayo yibasiwe cyane nubushyuhe.Muri rusange, reberi ikunda gushiramo ubushyuhe buke;Ku bushyuhe bwinshi, urukurikirane rwibikorwa nko koroshya, gushonga, okiside yumuriro, kubora, no gutwikwa bishobora kubaho.Byongeye kandi, kubera ko reberi ari organic, ntabwo ifite flame retardancy.

5. Ibiranga amashanyarazi

Kimwe na pulasitike, reberi yabanje kuba insuleri.Bikoreshejwe muruhu rwokwirinda nibindi bintu, ibiranga amashanyarazi nabyo bigira ingaruka bitewe nuburyo butandukanye.Byongeye kandi, hari reberi ikora igabanya cyane kurwanya insulasiyo kugirango birinde amashanyarazi.

6. Ibintu byo gusaza

Ugereranije no kwangirika kw'ibyuma, ibiti, amabuye, no kwangirika kwa plastiki, impinduka zifatika zatewe n'ibidukikije zizwi nk'ibisaza mu nganda.Muri rusange, biragoye kuvuga ko reberi ari ibikoresho bifite igihe kirekire.Imirasire ya UV, ubushyuhe, ogisijeni, ozone, amavuta, umusemburo, ibiyobyabwenge, guhangayika, kunyeganyega, nibindi nibyo nyamukuru bitera gusaza.

7. Ukeneye kongeramo sulfure

Inzira yo guhuza urunigi nka polymers ya reberi na sulfure cyangwa ibindi bintu byitwa sulfure.Bitewe no kugabanuka kwa plastike, imiterere, imbaraga, nibindi bintu bifatika biratera imbere, kandi ubushyuhe bwo gukoresha bwagutse, bikavamo imikorere myiza.Usibye sulfide sulfure ikwiranye na elastomers ifite imigozi ibiri, hariho na sulfide ya peroxide na sulfide ya amonium ikoresheje peroxide.Muri reberi ya thermoplastique, izwi kandi nka reberi nka plastiki, hari n'ibidasaba kongeramo sulfuru.

8. Inzira isabwa

Muri reberi yubukorikori, hakorwa ibitemewe aho bisabwa nka polyurethane (usibye kubintu bihuza).Mubisanzwe, reberi isaba uburyo butandukanye.Ni ngombwa kwifashisha ubwoko nubunini bwibisobanuro byatoranijwe nk "gushiraho formula" muburyo bwa tekinoroji yo gutunganya.Ibice byoroshye bya formulaire ifatika ijyanye nintego nibikorwa bisabwa birashobora kuvugwa ko ari tekinoroji yinganda zitandukanye zitunganya.

9. Ibindi biranga

(a) Uburemere bwihariye

Kubijyanye na reberi mbisi, reberi karemano iri hagati ya 0,91 na 0.93, EPM kuva kuri 0.86 kugeza 0.87 niyo ntoya, naho fluororubber iri hagati ya 1.8 na 2.0 nini nini.Rubber ifatika iratandukanye ukurikije formulaire, hamwe nuburemere bwihariye bwa 2 kuri karubone yumukara na sulfure, 5.6 kubintu byuma nka okiside ya zinc, naho hafi 1 kubiterwa kama.Mubihe byinshi, uburemere bwihariye buri hagati ya 1 na 2. Byongeye kandi, mubihe bidasanzwe, hari nibicuruzwa bifite ubuziranenge bukomeye nka firime zidafite amajwi zuzuye ifu yisasu.Muri rusange, ugereranije nibyuma nibindi bikoresho, birashobora kuvugwa ko byoroshye.

(b) Gukomera

Muri rusange, ikunda kuba yoroshye.Nubwo hari byinshi bifite uburemere buke bwo hejuru, birashoboka kandi kubona ibifatika bikomeye bisa na reberi ya polyurethane, bishobora guhinduka ukurikije uburyo butandukanye.

(c) Umuyaga

Muri rusange, biragoye gukoresha umwuka nizindi myuka nkibikoresho bifunga kashe.Rubber ya Butyl ifite uburyo budahumeka neza, mugihe reberi ya silicone iroroshye guhumeka.

(d) Kutagira amazi

Muri rusange, ifite imiterere idakoresha amazi, igipimo cyinshi cyo kwinjiza amazi kuruta plastiki, kandi irashobora kugera ku icumi ku ijana mumazi abira.Ku ruhande rumwe, mubijyanye no kurwanya amazi, bitewe nibintu nkubushyuhe, igihe cyo kwibiza, hamwe no gutabara aside na alkali, reberi ya polyurethane irashobora gucamo amazi.

(e) Kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge

Muri rusange, ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya imiti idasanzwe, kandi reberi hafi ya yose irashobora kwihanganira ubukana bwa alkali.Rubber nyinshi ziracika intege iyo zihuye na acide ikomeye.Nubwo irwanya aside irike nkibiyobyabwenge kama nka alcool na ether.Ariko muri hydrogène karbide, acetone, tetrachloride ya karubone, karubone disulfide, ibinyabuzima bya fenolike, nibindi, byinjira byoroshye kandi bigatera kubyimba no gucika intege.Byongeye kandi, mubijyanye no kurwanya amavuta, benshi barashobora kwihanganira amavuta yinyamanswa n’ibimera, ariko bizahinduka kandi bikunda kubyimba iyo bihuye na peteroli.Byongeye kandi, iterwa kandi nibintu nkubwoko bwa reberi, ubwoko nubunini bwububiko, nubushyuhe.

(f) Kwambara ibiturwanya

Nibiranga bisabwa cyane cyane mumirima yipine, imikandara yoroheje, inkweto, nibindi ugereranije no kwambara biterwa no kunyerera, kwambara nabi nikibazo cyane.Ibikoresho bya polyurethane, reberi karemano, butadiene reberi, nibindi bifite imbaraga zo kwihanganira kwambara.

(g) Kurwanya umunaniro

Bivuga kuramba mugihe cyo guhindura ibintu no guhindagurika.Nubwo gukurikirana bigoye kubyara ibice no gutera imbere kubera gushyuha, bifitanye isano nimpinduka zifatika zatewe ningaruka zubukanishi.SBR iruta reberi karemano mubijyanye no kubyara, ariko umuvuduko wacyo wihuta kandi ukennye cyane.Byatewe nubwoko bwa reberi, amplitude yingufu, umuvuduko wo guhindura ibintu, hamwe nimbaraga zishimangira.

(h) Imbaraga

Rubber ifite imiterere-karemano (imbaraga zo kuvunika, kurambura,% modulus), imbaraga zo kwikuramo, imbaraga zo gukata, imbaraga zamarira, nibindi. abakozi no gushimangira abakozi.

(i) Kurwanya umuriro

Bivuga kugereranya igipimo cyo gutwikwa no gutwikwa kwibikoresho iyo bihuye numuriro.Nyamara, gutonyanga, uburozi bwumusaruro wa gaze, numwotsi mwinshi nabyo nibibazo.Kubera ko reberi kama, ntishobora gutwikwa, ariko kandi iratera imbere yerekeza kumirasire yumuriro, kandi hariho na reberi ifite imiterere yumuriro nka fluororubber na chloroprene reberi.

(j) Kwizirika

Muri rusange, ifite neza.Kumeneka mumashanyarazi kandi bigakorerwa gutunganyirizwa hamwe, ubu buryo burashobora kugera kumiterere ya sisitemu ya reberi.Amapine nibindi bice byahujwe hashingiwe ku kongera sulfure.Rubber naturel na SBR mubyukuri bikoreshwa muguhuza reberi na rubber, reberi kuri fibre, reberi kuri plastike, reberi nicyuma, nibindi.

(k) Uburozi

Mugutegura reberi, stabilisateur na plasitike zimwe zirimo ibintu byangiza, kandi na pigment ishingiye kuri kadmium nayo igomba kwitonderwa.