Gutunganya reberi ibibazo 38, guhuza no gutunganya

Gutunganya reberi Ikibazo

1. Kuki reberi ikeneye kubumbabumbwa

Intego ya plasitike ya reberi ni ukugabanya iminyururu minini ya reberi munsi yubukanishi, ubushyuhe, imiti nibindi bikorwa, bigatuma reberi itakaza igihe gito kandi ikongera plastike yayo, kugirango yujuje ibisabwa mubikorwa. Kurugero, gukora igikoresho cyo guhuza byoroshye kuvanga, koroshya kuzunguruka no gusohora, hamwe nibishushanyo bisobanutse neza hamwe nuburyo butajegajega, kongera umuvuduko wibikoresho byabugenewe byatewe no gutera inshinge, byorohereza ibikoresho bya reberi kwinjira mumibabi, no kunoza ibisubizo. no gufatira ibikoresho bya reberi. Birumvikana ko ibishishwa bike hamwe na reberi zihoraho zidashobora kuba byanze bikunze. Ibikoresho byo mu rugo bisanzwe, reberi isanzwe yo muri Maleziya (SMR).

1. Ni ibihe bintu bigira ingaruka kuri plastike ya reberi muvanga imbere

Kuvanga reberi mbisi muvanga imbere ni iyivanze n'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, hamwe n'ubushyuhe buke bwa 120℃cyangwa hejuru, muri rusange hagati ya 155℃na 165℃. Rubber mbisi ikorerwa ubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe nubukanishi bukomeye mucyumba cya mixer, bikavamo okiside ikabije kandi bigera kuri plastike nziza mugihe gito ugereranije. Kubwibyo, ibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka ku kuvanga reberi mbisi na plastike muvanga imbere ni:

(1)Ibikoresho bya tekiniki imikorere, nkumuvuduko, nibindi,

(2)Imiterere yimikorere, nkigihe, ubushyuhe, umuvuduko wumuyaga, nubushobozi.

1. Kuki reberi zitandukanye zifite imiterere itandukanye ya plastike

Ububiko bwa reberi bifitanye isano rya bugufi nubumara bwawo, imiterere ya molekile, uburemere bwa molekile, hamwe no gukwirakwiza uburemere bwa molekile. Bitewe nuburyo butandukanye hamwe nimiterere yabyo, reberi karemano na reberi yubukorikori byoroshye muri plastiki kuruta reberi yubukorikori. Kubijyanye na reberi yubukorikori, reberi ya isoprene na rebero ya chloroprene yegereye reberi karemano, ikurikirwa na reberi ya styrene butadiene na reberi ya butyl, naho reberi ya nitrile niyo igoye cyane.

1. Ni ukubera iki plastike ya reberi mbisi ikoreshwa nkibipimo ngenderwaho byingenzi byububiko bwa plastiki

Plastike ya reberi mbisi ifitanye isano ningorabahizi yuburyo bwose bwo gukora ibicuruzwa, kandi bigira ingaruka kuburyo butaziguye kumiterere yumubiri nubukanishi bwa reberi y’ibirunga hamwe nikoreshwa ryibicuruzwa. Niba plastike ya reberi mbisi ari ndende cyane, bizagabanya imiterere yumubiri nubukanishi bwa rubber. Niba plastike ya reberi mbisi iri hasi cyane, bizatera ingorane mugihe gikurikiraho, bikagorana kuvanga ibikoresho bya reberi neza. Mugihe cyo kuzunguruka, ubuso bwibicuruzwa byarangiye ntibworoshye kandi igipimo cyo kugabanuka ni kinini, bigatuma bigorana kumva ubunini bwibicuruzwa byarangiye. Mugihe cyo kuzunguruka, ibikoresho bya reberi nabyo biragoye kuyisiga mumyenda, bigatera ibintu nko gutobora umwenda wimyenda yimanitse, bikagabanya cyane gufatana hagati yimyenda yigitambara. Ububiko bwa plastike butaringaniye burashobora kuganisha kumikorere idahuye hamwe nubukanishi bwumubiri bwibikoresho bya reberi, ndetse bikagira ingaruka kumikorere idahuye yibicuruzwa. Kubwibyo, kumenya plastike ya reberi mbisi neza nikibazo kidashobora kwirengagizwa.

5. Intego yo kuvanga niyihe?

Kuvanga ni inzira yo kuvanga reberi mbisi hamwe ninyongeramusaruro zitandukanye hamwe binyuze mubikoresho bya reberi ukurikije igipimo cyinyongeramusaruro zerekanwe mumata ya reberi, kandi ukemeza ko inyongeramusaruro zose zisaranganywa neza muri reberi mbisi. Intego yo kuvanga ibikoresho bya reberi ni ukubona ibipimo ngenderwaho byimikorere yumubiri nubukanishi byujuje formulaire yabigenewe, kugirango byoroherezwe ibikorwa no kwemeza ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa byarangiye.

6. Kuki ibivanze bifatanyiriza hamwe

Impamvu zitera umutsima wibikoresho ni: kuvanga plastike idahagije ivanze na reberi mbisi, umwanya munini cyane wo kuzunguruka, ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane, ubushobozi bwo gupakira kole nini, uduce duto duto cyangwa ibintu bya cake birimo ibintu bivanga ifu, gel, nibindi. uburyo bwo kunoza ni ugufata ingamba zihariye zishingiye kumiterere yihariye: plastike yuzuye, guhindura neza umwanya wikiziga, kugabanya ubushyuhe bwa roller, no kwita kuburyo bwo kugaburira; Kuma no kwerekana ifu; Gukata bigomba kuba byiza mugihe cyo kuvanga.

1. Ni ukubera iki urugero rwinshi rwa karubone rwirabura mubikoresho bya reberi rutanga "ingaruka ya dilution"?

Ibyo bita "dilution effect" biterwa nubwinshi bwumukara wa karubone muburyo bwa reberi, bigatuma igabanuka ryikigereranyo cyubwinshi bwa reberi, bigatuma habaho umubano wa hafi hagati yumukara wa karubone no kudashobora gukwirakwira neza muri reberi ibikoresho. Ibi byitwa "ingaruka ya dilution". Bitewe no kuba hari ibice byinshi binini byirabura bya karubone, molekile ya reberi ntishobora kwinjira mumatsinda ya karubone yumukara wa karubone, kandi imikoranire hagati ya reberi na karuboni yumukara iragabanuka, bigatuma imbaraga zigabanuka kandi ingaruka ziteganijwe zo gushimangira ntizagerwaho.

8. Ni izihe ngaruka z'imiterere ya karubone umukara ku miterere y'ibikoresho bya reberi

Umukara wa karubone utangwa nubushyuhe bwumuriro wa hydrocarubone. Iyo ibikoresho bibisi ari gaze karemano (igizwe ahanini na hydrocarbone yibinure), hakorwa impeta ya karuboni esheshatu; Iyo ibikoresho bibisi ari amavuta aremereye (hamwe na hydrocarbone nyinshi ya aromatiya), impeta esheshatu zigizwe na karubone zirushaho kuba umwuma kandi zegeranye kugira ngo habeho uruvangitirane rwa aromatic polycyclic, bityo rukore urwego rwa hexagonal urwego rwa atome ya karubone. Uru rupapuro rwuzuzanya inshuro 3-5 ruhinduka kristu. Ibice bya serefike ya karubone yumukara ni amorphous kristal igizwe nibice byinshi bya kristu idafite icyerekezo cyihariye. Hariho imigozi yubusa idahagije ikikije kristu, itera ibice byumukara wa karubone guhurira hamwe, bigakora urunigi ruto rwamashami yimibare itandukanye, aribyo bita imiterere yumukara wa karubone.

Imiterere yumukara wa karubone iratandukanye nuburyo butandukanye bwo gukora. Mubisanzwe, imiterere y itanura itunganyirizwa karubone irarenze iy'ibikorwa bya tank ya karubone umukara, kandi imiterere ya karubone ya acetylene ni yo hejuru. Mubyongeyeho, imiterere yumukara wa karubone nayo yibasiwe nibikoresho fatizo. Niba hydrocarubone ya aromatic yibikoresho fatizo ari byinshi, imiterere yumukara wa karubone ni mwinshi, kandi umusaruro nawo uri hejuru; Ibinyuranye, imiterere ni mike kandi umusaruro nawo uri muke. Gitoya ya diameter ya karubone yumukara, niko imiterere iri hejuru. Mubice bimwe bingana, urwego rwimiterere, niko byoroshye gusohora, kandi hejuru yibicuruzwa byakuweho biroroshye hamwe no kugabanuka gake. Imiterere yumukara wa karubone irashobora gupimwa nigiciro cyayo cyo kwinjiza amavuta. Iyo ingano yingirakamaro ari imwe, agaciro gakomeye ko kwinjiza amavuta yerekana imiterere ihanitse, mugihe ikinyuranyo cyerekana imiterere mike. Umukara wa karubone wubatswe cyane biragoye gukwirakwiza muri reberi yubukorikori, ariko reberi yoroshye ya sintetike ikenera modulus ya karubone yumukara kugirango yongere imbaraga. Agace keza cyane karubone yumukara irashobora kunoza imyambarire ya reberi. Ibyiza byububiko buke bwa karubone ni imbaraga zingana cyane, kuramba cyane, imbaraga nkeya, ubukana buke, ibikoresho byoroshye bya reberi, hamwe nubushyuhe buke. Nyamara, imyambarire yacyo irwanya ubukana bwa karubone yumukara ufite ubunini buke.

1. Kuki umukara wa karubone ugira ingaruka kumikorere yibikoresho bya reberi

Ingaruka yimiterere yumukara wa karubone mugihe cyo gutwika ibikoresho bya rubber: igihe kinini cyubatswe nigihe gito cyo gutwika; Ingano ntoya ya karubone yumukara, nigihe gito cyo guteka. Ingaruka yimiterere yibice byumukara wa karubone kuri kokiya: cyane cyane yerekeza kuri ogisijeni hejuru yumukara wa karubone, ikaba irimo ogisijeni nyinshi, ifite agaciro ka pH, na acide, nkumukara wirabura, ufite kokiya ndende. igihe. Ingaruka yubunini bwumukara wa karubone mugihe cyo gutwika: umubare munini urashobora kugabanya cyane igihe cyo gutwika kuko kwiyongera kwumukara wa karubone bibyara reberi ihambiriye, ifite imyumvire yo guteza inkongi. Ingaruka yumukara wa karubone kuri Mooney scorch igihe cyibikoresho bya reberi iratandukanye muri sisitemu zitandukanye.

10. Icyiciro cya mbere cyo kuvanga nicyiciro cya kabiri kuvanga

Icyiciro kimwe cyo kuvanga ni inzira yo kongeramo ibice bya pulasitike hamwe ninyongeramusaruro zitandukanye (kubintu bimwe byongeweho bidatatanye byoroshye cyangwa bikoreshwa muke, birashobora kubanza gukorwa muburyo bukomeye) umwe umwe ukurikije ibisabwa. Nukuvuga ko igishushanyo mbonera kivanze mumvange y'imbere, hanyuma sulfure cyangwa ibindi bintu byangiza ibirunga, kimwe na super yihuta cyane idakwiriye kongerwaho mumvange y'imbere, byongewe kumashini ya tablet. Muri make, kuvanga inzira birangira mugihe kimwe utarinze guhagarara hagati.

Icyiciro cya kabiri cyo kuvanga bivuga inzira yo kuvanga kimwe inyongeramusaruro zitandukanye, usibye kubintu bitera ibirunga hamwe na super yihuta cyane, hamwe na reberi mbisi kugirango ikore reberi fatizo. Igice cyo hepfo kirakonjeshwa kandi kigahagarikwa mugihe runaka, hanyuma gutunganya inyongera bikorerwa kumvange yimbere cyangwa urusyo rufunguye kugirango hongerwemo imiti yibirunga.

11. Kuki firime zigomba gukonjeshwa mbere yuko zibikwa

Ubushyuhe bwa firime yaciwe nigitabo cya tablet kiri hejuru cyane. Niba bidahita bikonjeshwa, biroroshye kubyara hakiri kare ibirunga kandi bifata, bigatera ibibazo kubikorwa bikurikira. Uruganda rwacu rumanuka ruva mu mashini ya tablet, kandi binyuze mu gikoresho cyo gukonjesha firime, rwinjizwa mu bwigunge, ruhuha, kandi rugakata kubwiyi ntego. Ibisabwa muri rusange gukonjesha ni ugukonjesha ubushyuhe bwa firime munsi ya 45℃, kandi igihe cyo kubika ibifatika ntigomba kuba ndende cyane, bitabaye ibyo birashobora gutuma ibimera bitera ubukonje.

1. Kuki ugenzura ubushyuhe bwiyongera kuri sulferi munsi ya 100℃

Ibi ni ukubera ko iyo sulfure na yihuta byongewe kubintu bivanze bya reberi, niba ubushyuhe burenze 100℃, biroroshye gutera ibirunga hakiri kare (ni ukuvuga gutwika) ibikoresho bya reberi. Byongeye kandi, sulfure ishonga muri reberi ku bushyuhe bwinshi, kandi nyuma yo gukonjesha, sulferi yegeranya hejuru y’ibikoresho bya reberi, bigatuma ubukonje ndetse no gukwirakwiza kwa sulfuru kutaringaniye.

1. Kuki firime zivanze zigomba guhagarara mugihe runaka mbere yuko zikoreshwa

Intego yo kubika firime ivanze nyuma yo gukonjesha ni ebyiri: (1) kugarura umunaniro wibikoresho bya reberi no kugabanya imihangayiko yubukorikori yagize mugihe cyo kuvanga; (2) Kugabanya kugabanuka kw'ibikoresho bifata; (3) Komeza gukwirakwiza agent ikomatanya mugihe cya parikingi, guteza imbere gutatanya kimwe; (4) Kongera kubyara reberi ihuza reberi na karubone umukara kugirango utezimbere imbaraga.

14. Ni ukubera iki ari ngombwa gushyira mu bikorwa byimazeyo igihe cyo kugabanya no guhatirwa?

Urutonde rwikurikiranya nigihe cyumuvuduko nibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kumvange. Kunywa ibice birashobora kunoza uburyo bwo kuvanga no kongera uburinganire, kandi hariho amategeko yihariye agenga ikwirakwizwa ryimiti yimiti imwe n'imwe, nka: koroshya amazi ntibigomba kongerwaho icyarimwe na karubone yumukara kugirango wirinde guhuriza hamwe. Kubwibyo, birakenewe gushyira mubikorwa byimazeyo ibiyobyabwenge. Niba igihe cyumuvuduko ari gito cyane, reberi nubuvuzi ntibishobora gukubitwa neza no gutekwa, bikavanga kuvanga kutaringaniye; Niba igihe cyo gukanda ari kirekire cyane kandi kuvanga ubushyuhe bwicyumba kiri hejuru cyane, bizagira ingaruka kumiterere kandi bigabanye gukora neza. Kubwibyo, igihe cyingutu kigomba kubahirizwa byimazeyo.

15. Ni izihe ngaruka zo kuzuza ubushobozi ku bwiza bwa reberi ivanze na plastiki

Ubushobozi bwo kuzuza bivuga ubushobozi bwo kuvanga mubyukuri bivanga imbere, akenshi bingana na 50-60% yubushobozi bwo kuvanga ibyumba byose bivanga imbere. Niba ubushobozi ari bunini cyane, nta cyuho gihagije kiri mu kuvanga, kandi kuvanga bihagije ntibishobora gukorwa, bivamo kuvanga kutaringaniye; Ubwiyongere bwubushyuhe burashobora gutera byoroshye kwikuramo ibikoresho bya reberi; Irashobora kandi gutera moteri irenze. Niba ubushobozi ari buto cyane, ntabwo habaho guhangana bihagije byo guterana hagati ya rotor, bikavamo kudakora no kuvanga kutaringaniye, bigira ingaruka kumiterere ya reberi ivanze kandi bikagabanya no gukoresha ibikoresho.

1. Kuki koroshya amazi bigomba kongerwaho nyuma mugihe cyo kuvanga ibikoresho bya reberi

Iyo kuvanga ibikoresho bya reberi, niba byongewemo mbere byoroheje byamazi, bizatera kwaguka gukabije kwa reberi mbisi kandi bigire ingaruka kumatiku ya mashini hagati ya molekile ya reberi niyuzuza, bigabanye umuvuduko wo kuvanga ibikoresho bya reberi, kandi binatera gutatanya kutaringaniye ndetse no guhuriza hamwe. ifu. Mugihe rero cyo kuvanga, koroshya amazi mubisanzwe byongeweho nyuma.

17. Kuki ibikoresho bivanze bya reberi "self sulfurize" nyuma yo gusigara igihe kirekire

Impamvu nyamukuru zituma habaho "self sulfure" mugihe cyo gushyira ibikoresho bivanze bya reberi ni: (1) hakoreshwa ibikoresho byinshi byangiza kandi byihuta; (2) Ubushobozi bunini bwo gupakira reberi, ubushyuhe bwinshi bwimashini itunganya reberi, gukonjesha film bidahagije; . (4) Parikingi idakwiye, nkubushyuhe bukabije hamwe n’umuvuduko ukabije w’ikirere ahantu haparika.

18. Kuki kuvanga ibikoresho bya reberi muri mixer bigomba kugira umuvuduko wumwuka runaka

Mugihe cyo kuvanga, usibye kuba hariho reberi mbisi nibikoresho byubuvuzi mubyumba bivanga byimvange y'imbere, hari numubare utari muto. Niba igitutu kidahagije, reberi mbisi nibikoresho byimiti ntibishobora gukubitwa no gutekwa bihagije, bikavanga kuvanga kutaringaniye; Nyuma yo kongera umuvuduko, ibikoresho bya reberi bizaterwa no guterana amagambo no gukubita hasi, hepfo, ibumoso, niburyo, bigatuma reberi mbisi hamwe nuruvange rwihuse kandi bivanze. Mubyigisho, umuvuduko mwinshi, nibyiza. Ariko, kubera imbogamizi mubikoresho nibindi, igitutu nyirizina ntigishobora kugarukira. Muri rusange, umuvuduko wumuyaga wa 6Kg / cm2 nibyiza.

1. Ni ukubera iki imizingo ibiri yimashini ivanze ya reberi ikeneye kugira umuvuduko runaka

Intego yo gukora igipimo cyihuta kumashini itunganya reberi ifunguye ni ukongera imbaraga zogosha, kubyara ubukana bwa mashini hamwe no kuvunika urunigi ku bikoresho bya reberi, no guteza imbere ikwirakwizwa ryimiti ivanze. Mubyongeyeho, umuvuduko wo kugenda buhoro buhoro ni ingirakamaro kubikorwa no kubyaza umusaruro umutekano.

1. Ni ukubera iki kuvanga imbere bitanga thallium yo kwinjiza ibintu

Muri rusange hari impamvu eshatu zitera thallium muri mixer: (1) hari ibibazo byibikoresho ubwabyo, nko guhumeka ikirere kiva hejuru ya bolt, (2) umuvuduko wumwuka udahagije, na (3) imikorere idakwiye, nka kutitondera mugihe wongeyeho koroshya, akenshi utera gufatira kumutwe hejuru no kurukuta rwicyumba kivanga. Niba bidasukuwe mugihe, amaherezo bizagira ingaruka.

21. Kuki firime ivanze ikanda kandi igatatana

Bitewe n'uburangare mugihe cyo kuvanga, akenshi biratandukana kubera impamvu zitandukanye, cyane cyane harimo: (1) kurenga ku rutonde rwikigereranyo rwerekanwe mumabwiriza yimikorere cyangwa kongeramo vuba; (2) Ubushyuhe mucyumba cyo kuvanga buri hasi cyane mugihe cyo kuvanga; (3) Igipimo cyinshi cyuzuza muri formula irashoboka. Kubera kuvanga nabi, ibikoresho bya reberi byarajanjaguwe biratatana. Ibikoresho bya rubber bitatanye bigomba kongerwaho urwego rumwe rwa plastike cyangwa rebero ya nyina, hanyuma bikavurwa tekiniki nyuma yo gukanda no gusohoka.

22. Kuki ari ngombwa kwerekana gahunda yo kunywa

Intego yo gukurikiranwa ni ugutezimbere imikorere ya reberi no kwemeza ubwiza bwibikoresho bivangwa na reberi. Muri rusange, gahunda yo kongeramo imiti nuburyo bukurikira: (1) Ongeramo plastike kugirango woroshye reberi, byoroshye kuvanga nuwunganira. (2) Ongeramo imiti mito nka okiside ya zinc, aside stearic, yihuta, imiti igabanya ubukana, nibindi. Ubwa mbere, ubyongereho kugirango bishoboke gutatana mubikoresho bifatika. . Niba urutonde rwikurikiranwa rudakurikijwe (usibye amata afite ibisabwa byihariye), bizagira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere yibikoresho bivanze.

23. Kuki hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwa reberi mbisi ikoreshwa hamwe muburyo bumwe

Hamwe niterambere ryibikoresho fatizo munganda za reberi, ubwoko bwa reberi yubukorikori iragenda yiyongera. Kugirango tunonosore imiterere yumubiri nubukanishi bwa reberi na reberi y’ibirunga, kunoza imikorere yo gutunganya reberi, no kugabanya igiciro cyibicuruzwa bya reberi, ubwoko bwinshi bwa reberi mbisi bukoreshwa muburyo bumwe.

24. Kuki ibikoresho bya reberi bitanga plastike ndende cyangwa nkeya

Impamvu nyamukuru yibi bintu nuko plastike yikigo cya plastiki idakwiye; Kuvanga igihe ni birebire cyangwa bigufi cyane; Kuvanga ubushyuhe budakwiye; Kandi kole ntabwo ivanze neza; Kwiyongera gukabije cyangwa kudahagije kwa plastiseri; Umukara wa karubone urashobora kubyara wongeyeho bike cyangwa ukoresheje ubwoko butandukanye. Uburyo bwo kunoza ni ugufata neza plastike yikintu cya plastiki, kugenzura igihe cyo kuvanga nubushyuhe, no kuvanga reberi neza. Umukozi wo kuvanga agomba gupimwa neza no kugenzurwa.

25. Kuki ibikoresho bivanze bya reberi bitanga uburemere bwihariye bunini cyangwa buto cyane

Impamvu zibitera zirimo gupima neza ibipimo, ibitagenze neza, kandi bidahuye. Niba ingano ya karuboni yumukara, okiside ya zinc, na karubone ya calcium irenze umubare wagenwe mugihe ingano ya reberi mbisi, plasitike yamavuta, nibindi bitarenze umubare wabigenewe, hazabaho ibihe aho uburemere bwihariye bwibikoresho bya reberi burenze Uwiteka umubare wagenwe. Ibinyuranye, ibisubizo nabyo biratandukanye. Byongeye kandi, mugihe cyo kuvanga ibikoresho bya reberi, ifu ikabije kuguruka cyangwa kwizirika ku rukuta rwa kontineri (nko ku gasanduku gato k’imiti), no kudasuka ibintu byongeweho rwose birashobora gutuma uburemere bwihariye bwibikoresho bya reberi biba cyane hejuru cyangwa hasi cyane. Uburyo bwo kunoza ni ukureba niba hari amakosa yo gupima mugihe cyo kuvanga, gushimangira imikorere, no gukumira ifu iguruka ndetse no kwemeza kuvanga ibikoresho bya reberi.

26. Kuki gukomera kwibikoresho bya reberi bivanze biba hejuru cyane cyangwa biri hasi cyane

Impamvu nyamukuru yuburemere bukabije cyangwa buke bwibikoresho bya reberi nuburemere budahwitse bwibintu bivangavanze, nkuburemere bwumukozi wibirunga, imbaraga zongerera imbaraga, hamwe na moteri yihuta kurenza dosiye ya formula, bikavamo ultra- ubukana bukabije bwa reberi yibirunga; Ibinyuranye na byo, niba uburemere bwa reberi na pulasitike burenze umubare wabigenewe muri formula, cyangwa uburemere bwibikoresho byongera imbaraga, imiti y’ibirunga, hamwe nihuta bitarenze umubare wabigenewe muri formula, byanze bikunze bizana ubukana buke bwa Ibikoresho bya rubber. Ingamba zayo zo kunoza ni kimwe no gutsinda ibintu bihindagurika. Mubyongeyeho, nyuma yo kongeramo sulfure, gusya kutaringaniye birashobora no gutera ihindagurika mubukomere (murwego runini cyane cyangwa ruto cyane).

27. Kuki ibikoresho bya reberi bifite aho bitangirira gutinda

Impamvu nyamukuru yo gutinda buhoro buhoro gutangirira ibikoresho bya reberi biterwa nubunini butarenze urugero bwihuta bwapimwe, cyangwa gusiba okiside ya zinc cyangwa aside stearic mugihe cyo kuvanga; Icya kabiri, ubwoko butari bwiza bwa karubone burashobora rimwe na rimwe gutera gutinda kurwego rwibirunga byibikoresho bya reberi. Ingamba zogutezimbere zirimo gushimangira ubugenzuzi butatu no gupima neza ibikoresho byimiti.

28. Kuki ibikoresho bya reberi bitanga kubura sulfure

Kuba habaho kubura sulfure mu bikoresho bya reberi biterwa ahanini no kubura cyangwa kudahuza kwihuta kwihuta, imiti y’ibirunga, na okiside ya zinc. Ariko, ibikorwa byo kuvanga bidakwiye hamwe no kuguruka ifu ikabije birashobora no gutuma habaho kubura sulfure mubikoresho bya reberi. Ingamba zogutezimbere ni: usibye kugera kubipimisho nyabyo, gushimangira ubugenzuzi butatu, no kwirinda ibikoresho byabuze cyangwa bidahuye, birakenewe kandi gushimangira imikorere yo kuvanga no gukumira ifu nini yo kuguruka no gutakaza.

29. Kuki imiterere yumubiri nubukanishi bwibikoresho bivangwa na reberi bidahuye

Ibipimo bidahwitse byikomatanyirizo biterwa ahanini no kubura cyangwa kudahuza ibikoresho byongera imbaraga, imiti y’ibirunga, hamwe na moteri yihuta, bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere yumubiri nubukanishi bwikigo cya rubber. Icya kabiri, niba igihe cyo kuvanga ari kirekire cyane, urutonde rwikigereranyo ntirwumvikana, kandi kuvanga ntibingana, birashobora kandi gutuma imiterere yumubiri nubukanishi bwa reberi yibirunga itujuje ibisabwa. Icya mbere, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zo gushimangira ubukorikori bwuzuye, gushyira mubikorwa uburyo butatu bwo kugenzura, no gukumira itangwa ryibikoresho bya farumasi nabi cyangwa byabuze. Ariko, kubikoresho bya reberi bifite ubuziranenge, gutunganya byongeweho cyangwa kwinjizwa mubikoresho byujuje ubuziranenge birakenewe.

30. Kuki ibikoresho bya reberi bitanga umuriro

Impamvu zo gutwika ibikoresho bya reberi zishobora kuvunagurwa muburyo bukurikira: igishushanyo mbonera kidafite ishingiro, nko gukoresha cyane imiti y’ibirunga na moteri; Ubushobozi bukabije bwo gupakira reberi, ibikorwa byo kuvanga reberi bidakwiye, nkubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwimashini ivanga reberi, gukonjesha bidahagije nyuma yo gupakurura, kongeramo imburagihe za sulferi cyangwa gutatanya kutaringaniye, bikaviramo kwibanda cyane kubintu byangiza no kwihuta; Ububiko butarinze gukonjeshwa, kuzunguruka cyane cyangwa igihe kinini cyo kubika birashobora gutera gutwika ibintu bifata.

31. Nigute wakwirinda gutwika ibikoresho bya reberi

Kwirinda kunywa kokiya bikubiyemo gufata ingamba zijyanye no gukemura ibitera kokiya.

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32. Kuki wongeramo 1-1,5% acide ya stearic cyangwa amavuta mugihe ukorana nibikoresho bya reberi bifite umuriro mwinshi

Kubikoresho bya reberi bifite urugero rwinshi rwo gutwika, pass yoroheje (ikibuga cya roller 1-1.5mm, ubushyuhe bwa roller munsi ya 45℃) Inshuro 4-6 kurusyo rufunguye, uhagarike amasaha 24, hanyuma ubivange mubintu byiza byo gukoresha. Igipimo kigomba kugenzurwa munsi ya 20%. Nyamara, kubikoresho bya reberi bifite urwego rwo hejuru rwo gutwika, hariho imigozi myinshi yibirunga mubikoresho bya reberi. Ongeramo 1-1,5% acide stearic irashobora gutuma ibikoresho bya reberi kubyimba no kwihutisha gusenya imiterere ihuza. Ndetse na nyuma yo kuvurwa, igipimo cyubu bwoko bwa reberi cyongewe kubintu byiza bya reberi ntigomba kurenga 10% Birumvikana ko kubintu bimwe na bimwe bya reberi yatwitse cyane, usibye kongeramo aside stearic, 2-3% byoroshya amavuta bigomba kongerwaho muburyo bukwiye imfashanyo mu kubyimba. Nyuma yo kuvurwa, barashobora kumanurwa gusa kugirango bakoreshwe. Kubijyanye nibikoresho bya reberi hamwe no gutwika cyane, ntibishobora gutunganywa neza kandi birashobora gukoreshwa gusa nkibikoresho fatizo bya reberi.

33. Kuki ibikoresho bya reberi bigomba kubikwa ku byuma?

Ibikoresho bya plastiki kandi bivanze biroroshye cyane. Iyo ishyizwe hasi ku buryo butunguranye, imyanda nk'umucanga, amabuye, ubutaka, hamwe n'ibiti by'ibiti birashobora gukomera ku bikoresho bya reberi, ku buryo kubimenya bigoye. Kubivanga birashobora kugabanya cyane ubwiza bwibicuruzwa, cyane cyane kubicuruzwa bimwe byoroshye, byica. Niba imyanda ivanze, irashobora gutera impanuka zikoreshwa mubukanishi. Ibikoresho bifata rero bigomba kubikwa ku byuma byakozwe mu buryo bwihariye kandi bikabikwa ahantu hagenwe.

34. Kuki plastike ya reberi ivanze rimwe na rimwe itandukana cyane

Hariho ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka kumihindagurikire ya plastike ya reberi ivanze, cyane cyane harimo: (1) icyitegererezo kidahuye cya reberi ya plastike; (2) Kotsa igitutu kidakwiye cya plastike mugihe cyo kuvanga; (3) Ingano yoroshya ntabwo ari yo; .

35. Ni ukubera iki kunanura byoroshye kuvanga bikenewe nyuma ya reberi ivanze isohotse ivanze imbere

Ubushyuhe bwibikoresho bya rubber bisohotse bivuye muri mixer y'imbere muri rusange biri hejuru ya 125℃, mugihe ubushyuhe bwo kongeramo sulfure bugomba kuba munsi ya 100℃. Kugirango ugabanye vuba ubushyuhe bwibikoresho bya reberi, birakenewe gusuka inshuro nyinshi ibikoresho bya reberi hanyuma ugakora igikorwa cyo kongeramo sulfure na moteri.

36. Ni ibihe bibazo bigomba kwitonderwa mugihe cyo gutunganya ikoreshwa rya sulfure idashobora gushonga

Amazi ya sulfure adashobora guhinduka kandi arashobora guhindurwa muri sulfure rusange. Guhindura bitinda kubushyuhe bwicyumba, ariko byihuta hamwe nubushyuhe bwiyongera. Iyo igeze hejuru ya 110℃, irashobora guhindurwa sulfuru isanzwe muminota 10-20. Kubwibyo, iyi sulfure igomba kubikwa ku bushyuhe buke bushoboka. Mugihe cyo gutunganya ibikoresho, hagomba no kwitabwaho kugirango ubushyuhe buke (munsi ya 100)℃) kugirango birinde guhinduka sulferi isanzwe. Amazi ya sulfure adashobora gushonga, kubera kutavogerwa muri reberi, akenshi biragoye gutatanya kimwe, kandi bigomba no kwitabwaho bihagije muriki gikorwa. Amashanyarazi adashonga akoreshwa gusa mu gusimbuza sulfure rusange muri rusange, adahinduye inzira y’ibirunga hamwe n’ibiranga reberi. Kubwibyo, niba ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane mugihe cyibikorwa, cyangwa niba bubitswe igihe kirekire ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru, noneho kubikoresha ntacyo bivuze.

37. Kuki sodium oleate ikoreshwa mugikoresho cyo gukonjesha firime igomba gukwirakwizwa

Umukozi wo kwigunga sodium oleate ukoreshwa mu kigega cyamazi gikonje cyigikoresho gikonjesha firime, kubera imikorere ikomeje, firime imanuka ivuye kumashini ya tablet ikomeza kugumana ubushyuhe muri oleate ya sodium, ibyo bigatuma ubushyuhe bwayo buzamuka vuba bikananirwa kubigeraho intego yo gukonjesha firime. Kugirango ugabanye ubushyuhe bwacyo, birakenewe gukora ubukonje bwa cycle, gusa murubu buryo ingaruka zo gukonjesha no kwigunga zikoreshwa mugukonjesha firime zirashobora gukoreshwa neza.

38. Kuki icyuma gikoresha imashini kiruta icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi ibikoresho byo gukonjesha firime?

Igikoresho cyo gukonjesha firime cyabanje kugeragezwa hifashishijwe icyuma gishyushya amashanyarazi, cyari gifite imiterere igoye no kuyitaho bigoye. Ibikoresho bya reberi ku gice cyo gukata byakunze kwibasirwa n’ibirunga hakiri kare, bigatuma bitagira umutekano. Nyuma, imashini zikoreshwa mu kubungabunga no gusana byoroshye, byemeza ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa n’umusaruro utekanye.